The economic commission for africa eca series on technology transfer for africas development is designed to highlight the importance of technology transfer in economic development. A growing body of evidence shows that 1 substantial investments in technology transfer are needed to generate downstream benefits, 2 there is typically a significant time lag before net benefits are realized, and 3 the distribution of returns is very skewed for example, analysis of autm surveys. Does the sale of a technology constitute technology transfer. This section sets out some facts about innovation and technology transfer in. Transfer of technology or national technology capability has a lot to do with public administration of factors that influenceretard or enhance technology transfer. A major part of technology transfer impact in terms of money happens between developed countries reddy and zhao, 1989, but relative few have looked at transfer of environmental technologies. As opposed to the literature background, the authors propose their own classification of technology transfer barriers comprising the following. The document was then discussed during the consultation on who guidelines for medicines quality assurance, quality control laboratories and transfer of technology on 2731 july. Science and technology for development in subsaharan. Nets subsaharan africa regional coordinator for the support, and to the contractors hired in each country to help with the organisation of the focus groups. Those technologies also must be adapted and disseminated among the african people. The advantages and disadvantages of technology transfer. Postharvest, equipment, cassava, improvement, african development. Lessons from japan and china case projects in tanzania and kenya.
Technology transfer capacity is essential for south africa if we aspire to economic development principles such as exportled growth. The world economic forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. How technology can transform africa world economic forum. Technology transfer, capacity building and the developing world. National experiences in the transfer of publicly funded. Perspectives of universityindustry technology transfer in african. Technology transfer enables countries, particularly low and middleincome countries, to build capacity in local production of medical products in the shortterm.
The south african national survey of intellectual property and technology transfer at publicly funded research institutions was embarked on to establish a number of baseline indicators used to track overall activity in intellectual property ip management and technology transfer tt over the period 20082014. Technology development and transfer in agriculture s n nigam and c l l gowda1 abstract technology development is a response of scientific knowledge to the changing needs of consumers, farmers, community, country, and world trade. This document analyzes the factors in china that affect technology transfer and will be affected by it. These improvements can be seen in education within each passing day. Science and technology for development in subsaharan africa. While businesses look forward to the prospect of receiving new products and services, universities are motivated by the potential income stream from successful licensing agreements, and. This skill is the implementing skillsense that the african has lacked all along. This article focuses on technology transfer in universities and research institutions, and describes wipos practical approach to technology transfer in the context of the organizations work to promote the strategic use of ip for economic development. Technology transfer and button manufacturing in qiaotou, china. Trends in innovation, technology transfer and industrial productivity 9.
This paper discusses technological transfer diffusion of african sacred ironmaking science into the western hemisphere by enslaved africans. Technology transfer for agriculture growth in africa. Engineers and scientists have to spend a great deal of time and money making sure that each item of technology or equipment can cope with both the rigours of. Technological development in the south african automobile industry. Emmanuel alia ceo of technology transfer institute of africa stated, we are very excited to become a biokey channel alliance partner.
It is hoped that this approach illustrates the potential for technology transfer to play a role in activities of widely differing knowledge, technology and skill intensities. The introduction of a technology into a developing country, is understood by some developed countries as having achieved the objective of technology transfer. Technology transfer, capacity building and the developing world the issue in recent years, increasing emphasis has been put on the role that multinational companies and developed world governments should play in supporting technology transfer into developing countries. Since different developing countries would have different market structure, it becomes very complicated to have a generalized theory and model to find the determinant factors of technological spillover benefits to. Technology transfer and economic growth in subsahara african. Technology transfer, capacity building and the developing. Technology transfer offices ttos are relatively new in the country, and not all south african universities have explicit ip policies. Nov 04, 2019 emmanuel alia ceo of technology transfer institute of africa stated, we are very excited to become a biokey channel alliance partner. This draft text was subsequently prepared by mr john startup, united kingdom and by dr monika zweygarth, south africa. Technology transfer in south african public research.
Nor, until now, have there been effective methods of measuring and verifying the extent of environmentally sound technology transfer. The paper presents the definition and classifications of barriers in the field of innovation activity. The process is presented to promote awareness and understanding within the science community, any may enable scientists to take an active role in the successful application of their technology. Research development technology transfer sustains the research of a particular product, which determines the need for public and private use. Technology transfer in south african public research institutions. Equally, we must be realistic about what a technology transfer office within our universities or science councils can achieve over the short and mediumterm, and develop compelling visions for what they might. Technology transfer is a broad concept encompassing education and training, direct investment, licensing, movement of people, supply of materials and equipment, and other elements. Foreign direct investment and technology transfer policies in. This section sets out some facts about innovation and technology transfer in africas. Technology transfer for agricultural growth in africa 5 the author is a division manager, agriculture and rural development department, central and west region. I examine how the company manages this distance and seeks to transfer technology to five african countries through the purposeful use of communication. Technology transfer involves more than hardware supply.
Technology transfer for economic growth in africawhy it matters. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, osita ogbu and others published technology transfer and economic growth in africa find, read and cite all the research you need on. Among other things, the results show that the income accruing to universities from technology transfer. Issues in technology transfer developing technologies suitable for africa is only one step in helping increase food production. This calls for successful technology transferanother area where the united states has expertise to share. Jun 22, 2012 foreign direct investment fdi into africa has received research attention in the past two decades, and the flow of fdi into africa has been on an upsurge.
In the present ongoing development debate the moral side of development did not receive the attention it deserves. The genius of african ironmaking was its steel core, the technology of making a steel interior through temperature control in the smelting with tuyeres, tubes to induct air into the furnace to make it hotter, removing carbon park 1800. Defining the concepts of technology and technology transfer. Information technology transfer to african nations. The technology transfer process has six interactive phases with key actions and indicators of transfer to distinguish progress through a flowsystem model. Such technology transfer arrangements can be accomplished. Pragmatic technology transfer model relevant to both policy makers, private sector. At the roundtable, it was found that in many countries, transfer of technology involves not only universities, but also governmentfunded laboratories. Foreign direct investment fdi into africa has received research attention in the past two decades, and the flow of fdi into africa has been on an upsurge. Technology, globalization, and international competitiveness 31 specialization and exchange.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s there was a need to increase total production by intensive agriculture. Consequently, as a first step to protecting your ip in a technology transfer, it is important to make sure you choose the right partners. Countries such as ghana have improved their investment climate to increase fdi attraction. Eventually, the development of the semiconductor spawned the current information technology revolution.
A particular thanks goes to development research uptake in sub saharan africa drussa for inviting scidev. Technology, globalization, and international competitiveness. The workshop also explores some of the guidelines for technology transfer and registration of technology transfer agreements in nigeria. Technology transfer boost for least developed countries. Incorporated as a notforprofit foundation in 1971, and headquartered in geneva, switzerland, the forum is tied to no political, partisan or national interests. The central and eastern europe experience warsaw school of economics center of international production cooperation, al. Section vi concludes with recommendations for consideration and adoption by african policymakers. Technology transfer to africa constraints for cd1v1 operations it is practically difficult to design, implement and manage clean development mechanism cdm projects in africa without a provision for capacity building that will enable the application of modern technologies and techniques. Multinational corporations and technology transfers in. These cases represent varying degrees of success in the leveraging of technology transfer and local capability. Benefit of technology transfer to developing countries. Furthermore more through technology transfer we see sustainable economic growth, whereby it includes commercialization of technology. Addressing climate technology gaps in africa 1 executive summary despite many years of technology transfer to africa under various mechanisms and programs of the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, africa remains the continent with the lowest level of technology.
Available at 10 economic commission for africa, african development bank group and african union. Extension workers called upon to be experts in all crops insufficient number of extension workers relative to farmers extension workers lack resources adaptation to new forms of information transfer internet etc. The main objectives of the studies in this series are to explore trends in. Africas least developed countries ldcs are to benefit from the launch of a united nations technology bank in turkey, which aims to drive science, technology and innovation and promote sustainable development with african universities playing a key role. Access to technology is directly correlated with economic productivity in nearly all sectors of the economy. Technology transfer is a means to strengthen technological capacity and countries that are not successful in transferring technology are left behind in development. The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable comments received from mr. Innovation and technology transfer for enhanced productivity and. Pdf technology transfer and the soul of africa otto. Energy technology transfer to china,was released in september 1985, and proved useful in the congressional debate on the nuclear cooperation agreement. Transfer of technology that took place on 26 and 27 april, 2005, in tokyo. On august 29, 2019, the government of imo state in nigeria signed a memorandum of understanding on the establishment of technology transfer institute of africa ttia in owerri, its capital city.
Studies in technology transfer selected cases from argentina, china, south africa and taiwan province of china united nations conference on trade and development unctad current studies onscience, technology andinnovation. Net to its benchmarking conference in south africa. Last, in addition to the entire sample, it considers estimates for the subgroup of labor and capitalintensive industries to detect if the fditechnology transfer nexus depends on an industrys factor intensity. Head of the technology transfer and promotion office technology technology transfer transfer programme programme space is a cold and uninviting place. Biokey adds technology transfer institute of africa to its. Technology transfer is much discussed but is defined in different ways depending on the context. Pdf technology transfer and economic growth in africa. This fact is not a secret and you should not treat it like one. The technology transfer usually occurs in a market which is imperfectly competitive and possesses no particular market structure. Com140036oreinnovation and technlogy transfer for enhanced. Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology tot, is the process of transferring disseminating technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization.