Procedure record all information on sfn 9987 or sfn 2455. Field density tests geotechnical testing, observation. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Determination of dry density of soil compaction test by. The test is named in honor of ralph roscoe proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil. The moisture content is likely to vary from time and hence the field density also. This test method is not recommended for soils that are soft or friable crumble easily or in moisture. The soil density is measured in the second step and then the water content and dry density is measured in the third step. Test specimen shall be a representative sample based on the following table.
A number in parentheses indicates the year of last. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil in. Need and scope the in situ density of natural soil is needed for the determination of bearing capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of slopes, for the determination of pressures on. It often is used as a basis of acceptance for soils compacted to a specified density or percentage of a maximum density determined by a test method, such as test methods d698 or d1557.
The relationship that can be established between the dry density with known moisture content is as follows. We recommend that you register using the same email address you use to maintain your asce member account. Apr 02, 2014 to determine the field density of soil at a given location by sand replacement method. Daily most nuclear gauges require a warmup period and standard count. This guide is restricted to field density testing using the ndg, although other methods involving volume or sand replacement methods can be used for field density testing. The first step involves calibration of a sandpouring cylinder. The common soil test for road construction includes classification of soil, particle size distribution, moisture content determination, specific gravity, liquid limit and plastic limit tests. Nd t 265, laboratory determination of moisture content of soils, or nd t 217. In the field, the dry density test is performed to check the compaction of layers. Sand replacement method for determination of field density. In addition, a copy of each report is retained by the laboratory and one copy is sent to the growers county extension office.
The various stages of the sand replacement method are shown in fig. Any failing tests require additional work on the subgrade in that area to obtain the required density. Fdt is a in situ density test of soil that is used in various types of construction works like highways, dam construction, embankment filling, and backfilling in order to access the quality of density achieved at site. Fdt is a insitu density test of soil that is used in various types of construction works like highways, dam construction, embankment filling, and backfilling in order to access the quality of density achieved at site. Very often, samples are taken by borehole drilling for tests including, particle size. Fdt like many other tests on soil in civil engineering is a quality control tests. Compaction is done in the construction of embankment. Dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil. Here we are going to compute the bulk density of sand down to the degree of compaction of soil i would really want to pursue this article just to completely show the full process of getting the results of the test. Course content compaction is the densification of soil materials by the use of mechanical energy. By using core cutter method, bulk density of soil can be quickly calculated and by determining the moisture content of the soil the dry density of the fill can. Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. The dry density test is carried out in the field to check the compaction of the layers. Objective determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders.
Sand cone test field density test by sand replacement. The first step in case of sand replacement method is to calibrate the sand to be used i. The sand cone method is one of the most common methods that are used for field density test in highway construction. Field density test of soil by sand cone method highway. Density of soil in place by the sand cone method t310. Computer soil test report results of each soil test and corresponding recommendations are printed by computer and mailed to the grower. Density of soil in place by the nuclear gauge soil density testing flow chart setting target values laboratory proctor one point proctor running field tests speedy moisture test drying moisture test. Dry density of soil by core cutter method cylindrical core cutters of mm long and 100mm diameter are used for testing the insitu compaction of cohesive and clay soils placed as fill. Each nutrient tested is reported in pounds per acre and assigned a soil test rating. Determination of field density of cohesion less soil is not possible by core cutter method, because it is not possible to obtain a core sample. For mainline and shoulders, one test for each 1500 ft for each lift is required.
The soil or other material being tested should have sufficient cohesion or particle. Introduction nuclear density gauges ndg are used to determine compaction acceptance of earthworks, granular and stabilised pavement materials and asphalt. Field density test calculation a step by step guide. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. Dry density of soil by core cutter method for soil compaction. Field density test calculation in sand replacement method in case of field density test by sand replacement method the steps involved for calculation are as follows.
Core cutter method of field density test is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not in certain cases, it is necessary to determine the density of soil either as it exists naturally in the ground or as it may be compacted in the fill in the former case, this density of soil in place may be used to estimate the comparative strength of the soil. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. Soil compaction soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. Determination of dry density of soil compaction test by sand. Compaction is most beneficial for the preparation of sub base grade and different pavement layers and in the production of embankment in order to increase the steadiness and to lower. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other insitu density tests, the test may be carried out on most type of materials. Aug 30, 2018 fdt is an acronym for field density test.
The sand replacement method is the most widely used in situ density test. Sand replacement test method is used to determine the field density or inplace density of earth embankments, road fills, subgrade, subbase or any of compacted material. Oct 02, 2017 sand replacement method compaction test and calculations road construction civil engineering new vid duration. Below is the parameter for the calculation of bulk density of soil which was obtained from the actual compaction test on site. Soil is compacted by removing air and water from its pore space. The cylinder is first calibrated to determine the unit weight of sand. Site investigation prior to commencement of any road construction project involving site formation work, site investigation is carried out to establish the geological profile along the road alignment. Astm d7380 15 standard test method for soil compaction. Dry density of soil by core cutter method cylindrical core cutters of mm long and 100mm diameter are used for testing the in situ compaction of cohesive and clay soils placed as fill. Compaction is very useful for preparing the subbase grade and other layers of pavement. Sep 26, 2017 dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil. Moisture content, particle size and specific gravity tests on soils are used for the calculation of soil properties such as degree of saturation. There are many types of soil compaction tests which are performed on soil.
So it is required to report the test result in terms of dry density. Determination of field density test of soil by core cutter. Determination of dry density of soils, inplace, by the sand replacement method. The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its base.
Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. Is2720part28determination of dry density of soils in place, by the sand replacement method. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil in place by sandcone method1 this standard is issued under the. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other in situ density tests, the test may be carried out on most type of materials. After weighting, a specimen of soil is taken to determine it water content. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Field density testfdt or sand replacing method youtube. The soil excavated from the hole is collected and weighted. The weight of empty sand cone is measured and then filled with dry sand and weighted.
One method is used for testing embankment and subgrades. For good results, the sand used should be uniform, dry and clean passing a 1. This is a continuation of the previous article i posted how to do a compaction test or insitu density test, about the calculation of the compaction test report. Determination of field density using the sand replacement method involves three steps. The location of the test should be determined accurately. Nd d 2167, density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubber balloon method, or nd t 191, density of soil inplace by the sand cone method 1 density test for each three miles of roadway, or a minimum of 1 test per 200,000 c. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil. Jan 01, 2015 sand replacement test method is used to determine the field density or in place density of earth embankments, road fills, subgrade, subbase or any of compacted material. The sand cone method is used for field density test in highway construction. Sand replacement method compaction test and calculations road construction civil engineering new vid duration. The sand replacement method is the most widely used insitu density test. There exists a certain amount of moisture that a soil can have where a maximum unit weight is obtained. What types of soil tests required for road construction.